Prelab Exercises
Sections 2.5-2.7

To hand in: You should print this page. Modify the pages as indicated by the instructions, and hand in the modified pages. Make sure your name is clearly indicated.

These exercises focus on the String, Random, Scanner, and Math classes defined in the Java Standard Class Library. The main concepts are in the text in sections 2.5 - 2.7 (for objects and methods) and 1.6, 2.9 and 2.10 (for applets and graphics). The goals of the lab are for you to gain experience with the following concepts:

• Declaring a variable to be a reference to an object -- for example, the following declares the variable quotation to be a reference to a String object:

         String quotation;
  

• Declaring a variable to be a reference to an object and creating the object (instantiating it) using the new operator -- for example,

         String quotation = new String("I think, therefore I am.");
  
         Random generator = new Random();
  

• Invoking a method to operate on an object using the dot operator -- for example,

         quotation.length()
  

  invokes the length method which returns the length of the quotation String or

         quotation.toLowerCase()
  

  quotation except all letters are lower case. These invocations would be used in a program in a place appropriate for an integer (in the first case) or a String (in the second case) such as an assignment statement or a println statement.

• Invoking static or class methods --- these are methods that are invoked using the class name rather than an object name. The methods in the Math class are static methods (basically because we don't need different instances of Math object whereas there are lots of different String objects). An example is

             Math.sqrt(2)    (which returns the square root of 2)
  

• Importing the appropriate packages -- usually when you use classes from a library you need to put the import declaration at the top of your program. The exception is for classes defined in the java.lang package (this includes String and Math) which is automatically imported into every Java program.

Exercises

1. Fill in the blanks in the program as follows: (Section 2.5, especially the example in Listing 2.8, should be helpful):
   (a) declare the variable town as a reference to a String object and initialize it to "Anytown, USA".
   (b) write an assignment statement that invokes the length method of the string class to find the length of the college String object and assigns the result to the stringLength variable
   (c) complete the assignment statement so that change1 contains the same characters as college but all in upper case
   (d) complete the assignment statement so that change2 is the same as change1 except all capital O's are replaced with the asterisk (*) character.
   (e) complete the assignment statement so that change3 is the concatenation of college and town (use the concat method of the String class rather than the + operator)

   // **************************************************
   //   StringPlay.java
   //
   //   Play with String objects
   // **************************************************
   public class StringPlay
   {
      public static void main (String[] args)
      {
         String college = new String ("PoDunk College");
   
         ________________________________________________________; // part (a)
   
         int stringLength;
         String change1, change2, change3; 
   
         ________________________________________________________; // part (b)
   
         System.out.println (college + " contains " + stringLength + " characters.");
   
         change1 = ______________________________________________; // part (c)
   
         change2 = ______________________________________________; // part (d)
   
         change3 = ______________________________________________; // part (e)
   
         System.out.println ("The final string is " + change3);
       }
   }
   

2. The following program should read in the lengths of two sides of a right triangle and compute the length of the hypotenuse (recall that the length of the hypotenuse is the square root of side 1 squared plus side 2 squared). Complete it by adding statements to read the input from the keyboard and to compute the length of the hypotenuse (you need to use a Math class method for that).

   // *******************************************************************
   //   RightTriangle.java
   //
   //   Compute the length of the hypotenuse of a right triangle
   //   given the lengths of the sides     
   // *******************************************************************
   import java.util.Scanner;
   
   public class RightTriangle
   {
      public static void main (String[] args)
      {
         double side1, side2;  // lengths of the sides of a right triangle
         double hypotenuse;    // length of the hypotenuse
   
         // Get the lengths of the sides as input
         System.out.print ("Please enter the lengths of the two sides of " +
                             "a right triangle (separate by a blank space): ");
         
         _____________________________________________________________;
   
         _____________________________________________________________;
   
         // Compute the length of the hypotenuse
   
         _____________________________________________________________;
   
         // Print the result
         System.out.println ("Length of the hypotenuse: " + hypotenuse);
       }
   {